Standard measures

Standard drink measures in Europe

Biological measures of the standard of living.

When economists investigate long-term trends and socioeconomic differences in the standard of living or quality of life, they have traditionally focused on monetary measures such as gross domestic product--which has occupied center stage for over 50 years. In recent decades, however, scholars have increasingly recognized the limitations of monetary measures while seeking useful alternatives. Th...

Transient measures in the standard map

For an area preserving map, each chaotic orbit appears numerically to densely cover a region (an irregular component) of nonzero area. Surprisingly, the measure approximated by a long segment of such an orbit deviates significantly from a constant on the irregular component. Most prominently, there are spikes in the density near the boundaries of the irregular component resulting from the stick...

Standard set of health outcome measures for older persons

BACKGROUND The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) was founded in 2012 to propose consensus-based measurement tools and documentation for different conditions and populations.This article describes how the ICHOM Older Person Working Group followed a consensus-driven modified Delphi technique to develop multiple global outcome measures in older persons. The standard ...

The Standard and Dvorak Keyboards Revisited: Direct Measures of Speed

The Dvorak keyboard has been claimed to be greatly superior to the standard typewriter keyboard. However, none of the earlier research on the relative merits of the two keyboards provided unconfounded measures, ones permitting attribution of the results solely to the differences between the keyboards. The present research supplied, for the first time, direct measures of speed on the two keyboar...